05. 如何取得工廠牌照?以食品工廠為例
All about factory licensing in Macau. E.g.~food factories.
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前言
在澳門取得食品工廠或連鎖餐飲店的中央廠房牌照相當方便，其牌照由DSEDT經濟及科技局發出。以下詳談技術要點及注意事項。
Introduction
Obtaining a license for a food factory or central kitchen for a chain restaurant in Macao is relatively straightforward. The license is issued by the DSEDT - Direcção dos Serviços de Economia e Desenvolvimento Tecnológico.
Below, we discuss the technical points and precautions.
選址方面
選址方面，需要注意你租用或購置的地點必須是“工業用途”。如何判斷是不是工業用途呢？最簡單的方法就是查看物業登記證明書。
How to choice the location
When selecting a site, you must ensure that the property you rent or purchase is designated for "industrial use." The simplest way to verify this is by checking the property registration certificate.
開始規劃
在你開始規劃你的廠房時，首先要決定用途和目的。如果你的目的是出口到其他地區或為高端客戶進行食品加工，那麼你需要先了解目標客戶要求的生產認證。例如，澳門各博企常見的要求有 ISO22000、HACCP、管理體系的 ISO9001 和環保方面的 ISO14000 等等。倘若你需要取得這些認證，最好從廠房規劃就開始準備。
如果你不需要取得其他認證，只需滿足本澳的相關法規，主要有以下三個：14/2021 都市建築法律制度、39/2022 樓宇及場地防火安全技術規章，以及 11/99/M 重新制定發出工業執照之法律制度，另有一些其他衛生相關的本澳法規。
Planning Stage
When planning your factory, you must first decide on its purpose and objectives. If you aim to export to other regions or provide food processing services for high-end clients, you'll need to understand the production certifications required by your target customers. For instance, Macao's major integrated resorts commonly require ISO22000, HACCP, ISO9001 for management systems, and ISO14000 for environmental standards. If you need any of these certifications, it's best to incorporate them into your planning from the start.
If no additional certifications are needed, you simply need to comply with local regulations. The main ones include: 14/2021 Regime jurídico da construção urbana., 39/2022 Regulamento técnico de segurança contra incêndios em edifícios e recintos, and 11/99/M Reformula o regime jurídico do licenciamento industrial . Additionally, ensure adherence to other local health regulations.
基本流程
首先，你先對你的租用或購置的場所作出規劃和設計，並把相關設計卷宗用M1表格交到土地工務局。 其設計卷宗裡最小包括建築計劃、供排水計劃、消防計劃。按其實際情況和規模可能需要額外提交電力計劃，通風計劃、燃料計劃、結構計劃等。待你向工務局提交相關卷宗並取得收據以後，就可以連同以下文件交到經科局。
經科局表格格式B;
一份交到土地工務局的卷宗的副本;
廠房業權證明或使用權證明;
行政管理機關成員、實際經營該廠房的自然人或法人資料
刑事記錄證明書 (可到身份證明局 或政府服務中心自助機申請)
生產流程圖
一方面，當你已經正式向經科局提上述的出牌照申請時，代表你已經正式進入了發牌的程序，但你仍需要等待土地工務局對你計劃作出批核並發出工程準照後，你才可以動工建做你的廠房。倘若你的申請基本符合經科局的要求並且工程完成，經科局會向你發出六個月的臨時工廠牌照，你就可以一邊經營一邊去清理其他未完成的行政手續，之後再申請所謂收大則的正式發牌程序。
當你已經完成相關工程及行政手續後，就可以進入驗收程序。目前，驗收分開兩個主要環節。一是消防系統方面的驗收(包括燃料及消防固定系統)。另一個環節是俗稱收大則的委員會驗收，即是包括經科局、市政署食安中心、消防局、市政署渠務署這幾個主要部門聯合驗收。 待驗收完成，就可以取得正式的工業牌照。
Basic Process:
Start by planning and designing your rented or purchased premises. Submit the design dossier with an M1 form to the DSSCU . The dossier must include basic plans like architecture, water supply and drainage, and fire safety. Additional plans such as electrical, ventilation, fuel, and structural may be required depending on the project's scope. Once you've submitted the dossier and received the receipt, you can provide the following documents to the DSEDT - Direcção dos Serviços de Economia e Desenvolvimento Tecnológico.
Form B from DSEDT.
A copy of the dossier submitted to DSSCU.
Proof of ownership or usage rights of the factory premises.
Details of the administrative management members and the individuals or entities actively operating the factory.
Certificate of criminal record (can be obtained from the DSI or via self-service machines at government service centres).
Production process flow chart.
On the one hand, once you have officially submitted the above licensing application to DSEDT, it means you have formally entered the licensing process. However, you must still wait for DSSCU to approve your plans and issue a construction permit before you can begin building your factory. If your application meets DSEDT's basic requirements and the construction is completed, DSEDT will issue you a six-month provisional factory licence. This will allow you to operate while resolving any outstanding administrative procedures before applying for the so-called "final formal licensing process.
After completing the required construction and administrative procedures, you can proceed with the inspection process, which has two main stages. The first is the fire safety system inspection, covering fixed fire systems and fuel systems. The second is the "final inspection" by a committee involving DSEDT, the IAM Food Safety Centre, the CB, and the IAM Drainage Division. Once both inspections are completed, you will receive the official industrial licence.
其他注意事項
Q1 .到底要不要獨立申請土地工務局驗收?
>這是最多人問過我的問題，按行政程序來說，是需要的。 但是不是必需在土地工務局驗收後才能取得廠牌? 不是。當取得廠牌後不安排工務局驗收會不會對已發出的牌照造成影響? 也不會。
但我們仍建議要進行工務局驗收。首先是為了程序的完整性。但是更重要的是，如果你沒有進行工務局驗收，當你在土地工務局的更改卷宗失效後，你廠房在政府的登記資料將會回復到你上一次驗收的狀況，假若在你經營的過程中有什麼建築上的更改，你就必需要所有從零開始。
Q2.其次、水、熱排放方面有沒有具體的要求?
>由於選址是工業場所，就現行法規來講，無論在噪音、空氣排放、水排放方面在驗收過程中都比較沒有太嚴苛的規定。儘管如此，澳門人口和建築物密雜而且距離太近，容易受到鄰近住戶居民、工商店舖等用戶投訴，在被投訴的情況下，相關部門仍可引用澳門其他相關法規內部份條文作出檢控或要求改善。
所以，食品工廠在氣體和油煙排放部份，建議大家設計可以參考<<澳門餐飲業油煙排放標準及完善監管制度>>，環保局有關氣味方面的指引 ，設立適當的除油煙淨味設備。 而在食品生產過程的含油廢水方面，建議大家參考要<<澳門供排水規章>>第九十二條之要求，設置適當容量之隔油井。在噪音方面，除了要符合員工保護的34/93/M等職安法以外，也應該符合8/2014號<<預防和控制環境噪音>>。
Q3.有關選址附注問題的魔鬼細節
> 理論上，只要物業登記顯示為工業用途的地點，都可以申請成不同類型的工廠。然而，需要注意一個細節，即該地點的工業用途是否附帶額外條件。例如，可能只允許設立特定類型的工廠，或者只能由土地批給的實體直接經營。過往這些規定的執行並不嚴格，因此有些經驗不夠的人未曾留意到這些細節，導致投資者在租賃或購買場地後，甚至在工程接近完工時，才發現無法取得牌照。建議大家花點時間去搞清楚這一個問題。
Q4.有關供電問題
>倘若你所選中的店舖所能提供的電量不足以應乎你營運所需，你就要向澳門電力股份有限公司申請增容(俗稱加大電錶)。我建議投資者針對用電量先了解清楚，因為在澳門加大電錶的時間和困難度超乎想像。
Other Issues
Q1. Is it necessary to independently apply for DSSCU inspection?
Reply: This is one of the most frequently asked questions. According to administrative procedures, it is required. However, is it mandatory to complete DSSCU's inspection before obtaining a factory licence? No. Will not arranging for DSSCU inspection after receiving the factory licence affect the issued licence? No, it will not.
That said, we still recommend undergoing DSSCU inspection. Firstly, it ensures procedural completeness. More importantly, if you skip DSSCU inspection, your factory’s government registration details will revert to the state from the last inspection once your alteration dossier with DSSCU expires. If any structural changes are made to the factory during operations, you will need to start the entire process from scratch.
Q2. Additional Requirements for Water and Heat Emissions:
Reply: Are there specific requirements for water and heat emissions? Since the site is an industrial location, current regulations for noise, air emissions, and water discharge are generally not overly stringent during the inspection process. However, given Macau’s dense population and close proximity of buildings, complaints from nearby residents, businesses, or other users are common. In such cases, relevant authorities may refer to provisions in other Macau regulations to issue penalties or demand improvements.
For food factories, it is recommended to design gas and fume exhaust systems based on "Normas para Controlo de Emissão de Fumos Oleosos dos Estabelecimentos de Restauração e Bebidas e Melhoramento do Regime de Fiscalização em Macau " and the DSPA's guidelines on odours. Appropriate fume extraction and purification equipment should be installed. For oily wastewater generated during food production, it is suggested to follow Article 92 of the Regulamento de Águas e de Drenagem de Águas Residuais de Macau and install grease traps of suitable capacity. In terms of noise, compliance with employee protection laws, such as Decree-Law No. 34/93/M, is necessary, as well as adherence to Law No. 8/2014 Prevenção e Controlo do Ruído Ambiental.
Q3.Crucial Small Details About Site Selection
In theory, any property registered for industrial use can be applied for various types of factory operations. However, there is an important detail to consider: whether the industrial use of the site comes with additional conditions.
For instance, some sites may only permit specific types of factories, or they may require operations to be run exclusively by the entity granted the land concession. In the past, such rules were not strictly enforced, so many less experienced individuals overlooked these details. This often led to situations where investors rented or purchased premises, or realise they couldn't obtain a licence even nearly completed construction works.
Q4.About upgrade electrical capacity
If the electricity supply in your chosen location is insufficient for your business needs, you will need to apply for an upgrade (commonly referred to as increasing the meter capacity) through Companhia de Electricidade de Macau. I recommend investors thoroughly assess their power requirements in advance, as upgrading electricity meters in Macau can be more time-consuming and challenging than expected.
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節錄我們參與過的工廠牌照/設計項目
唐膳at 保利達工廠中心.
金龍CD廠擴建工程設計入則及監理at Parque Industrial da concórdia coloane block B1.
長泓國際- Food factory + Central kitchen at 祐適工業大廈3F.
紅餐飲集團 – Food factory (Central Kitchen) at Fok Tai industry building .
華為數據中心 - at 北安.
聯生數據中心 - at Parque Industrial da Concórdia Coloane.
等......
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